PART I. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW
Week 1 Overview of the Course
No Required Readings.
Week 2 The 鈥淏asics鈥 of Basic Education
Concepts to be covered in the lecture: Learning; Human Capital; Capability
Guiding questions for class: Why and how is basic education important? How do we know it? Is education conducive to growth? Why (not)? What are the social benefits of education (on health, labor participation etc.)?
Required Readings:
鈥remer, M., Brannen, C., & Glennerster, R. (2013). The challenge of education and learning in the developing world. Science, 340(6130), 297-300.
鈥anushek, E. A., & Woessmann, L. (2008). The role of cognitive skills in economic development. Journal of Economic Literature, 607-668. [Key words: Review, Cognitive skills, 福利着片]
Further Readings and Materials:
鈥anerjee, A. V., & Duflo, E. (2011). Poor economics: A radical rethinking of the way to fight global poverty. Public Affairs. CHAPTER 4.
鈥uflo, E. (2004). The medium-run effects of educational expansion. Evidence from a large school construction program. Journal of Development Economics, 74(1) [Experiment, Labor Market, Indonesia]
鈥utler, D. M., & Lleras-Muney, A. (2010). Understanding differences in health behaviors by education. Journal of health economics, 29(1), 1-28.
鈥arrison, G. W. (2011). Randomisation and its discontents. Journal of African Economies, 20(4), 626-652. [Methodological debate]
PART II. COMMON INSTRUMENTS USED IN EDUCATION REFORMS
Week 3- Input-based Interventions: Does 鈥淢ore of the same鈥 Work?
Does providing textbooks, laptops and other inputs to students work in improving their learning? Why (not)? Are there similar examples from your country? To your knowledge/ observation, how are students and teachers reacting to those inputs? What should be done to improve the reception?
Required Readings:
鈥lewwe, P., Kremer, M., & Moulin, S. (2009). Many children left behind? Textbooks and test scores in Kenya. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 1(1), 112-135. [RCT, Textbook, Kenya]
鈥ristia, J. P, Ibarraran, P., Cueto, S., Santiago, A., & Severin, E. (2012). Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop Per Child Program. IZA Discussion Paper 6401.
Further Readings:
鈥ritchett, L. (2014). The risks to education systems from design mismatch and global isomorphism. WIDER Working Paper 2014/039. [Reflection, India]
鈥as, J., Dercon. S, Habyarimana, J., Krishnan, P., Muralidharan, K., & Sundararaman, V. (2013). "School Inputs, Household Substitution, and Test Scores." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics no. 5 (2):29-57.
Week 4- Marketization and School Choice
Policy instrument; school vouchers; 鈥渧ote with feet鈥
What is the rationale behind market-oriented reforms? Under what circumstances and for whom does it work?
Required Readings:
鈥pple, D., Romano, R. E., & Urquiola, M. (2017). School vouchers: A survey of the economics literature. Journal of Economic Literature, 55(2), 441-92.
鈥arcia, D. R. (2011). The Achilles' heel of school choice policies: The obstacles to reporting school accountability results to parents. Journal of School Choice, 5(1), 66-84.
Further Readings:
鈥astings, J. S., & Weinstein, J. M. (2008). Information, school choice, and academic achievement: Evidence from two experiments. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(4), 1373-1414. [Natural/field experiment, information, U.S.]
鈥lderman, H., Orazem, P. F., & Paterno, E. M. (2001). School quality, school cost, and the public/private school choices of low-income households in Pakistan. Journal of Human Resources 36 (2): 304-326. [Random sampling, (private) school fees and distance, Pakistan]
Week 5- Educational Decentralization
School-based management; Autonomy; Local information; Policy capacity
What is the rationale behind decentralization and school-based management reforms? Under which circumstances and contexts are decentralization reforms more likely to work and why? Which tasks in education are more suitable for (de-)centralization? Why?
Required Readings:
鈥anushek, E. A., Link, S., & Woessmann, L. (2013). Does school autonomy make sense everywhere? Panel estimates from PISA. Journal of Development Economics, 104, 212-232. [福利着片]
鈥ershberg, A. I., Gonz谩lez, P. A., & Meade, B. (2012). Understanding and improving accountability in education: A conceptual framework and guideposts from three decentralization reform experiences in Latin America. World Development, 40(5), 1024-1041. [Case study, Latin America]
Further Readings:
鈥hanna, A., & Faguet, J. P. (2016). Decentralization of health and education in developing countries: A quality-adjusted review of the empirical literature. The World Bank Research Observer, 31(2), 199-241. [Review, 福利着片]
鈥aliani, S., Gertler, P., & Schargrodsky, E. (2008). School decentralization: Helping the good get better, but leaving the poor behind. Journal of Public Economics, 92(10), 2106-2120. [DID, inequality, Argentina]
鈥ertler, P., Patrinos. H. & Codina.M.R. (2007). "Methodological Issues in the Evaluation of School -Based Management Reforms."
Available at http://www.ifs.org.uk/edepo/rubio_methodological.pdf [methodological issues]
PART III. MAKING REFORMS WORK BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19
Week 6- Overview of Educational Governance and Accountability
Governance; Accountability
What is governance and accountability in basic education?
Required Readings:
鈥biti, I. M. (2016). The need for accountability in education in developing countries. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 30(3), 109-132. [Review, Accountability, 福利着片]
鈥an, Y. (2019). Making accountability work in basic education: reforms, challenges and the role of the government. Policy Design and Practice, 2(1), 90-102.
Further Readings and Materials:
鈥runs, B., Filmer, D., & Patrinos, H. A. (2011). Making schools work: New evidence on accountability reforms. World Bank Publications. CHAPTER 1&5.
鈥apano, G., Howlett, M., & Ramesh, M. (2015). Bringing governments back in: Governance and governing in comparative policy analysis. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 17:4, 311-321, DOI: 10.1080/13876988.2015.1031977. [Governance, Government, Comparative]
Week 7- Accountability as Discipline/Punishment, Control or 鈥淭hreat鈥
Principal-agent problem; information asymmetry; threat-induced improvement
What are the potential side-effects or unintended consequences for control-based accountability mechanisms? How can we mitigate them? Are those measures always feasible and sustainable?
Required Readings:
鈥acob, B. A. (2005). 鈥淎ccountability, incentives and behavior: the impact of high-stakes testing in the Chicago Public Schools.鈥 Journal of Public Economics, 89: 761-796. [United States]
鈥e Wolf, I. F., & Janssens, F. J. (2007). Effects and side effects of inspections and accountability in education: an overview of empirical studies. Oxford Review of education, 33(3), 379-396.
鈥iyar, Y. & Bhattacharya, S. (2015). The Post-Office State. The Caravan: A Journal of Politics and Culture. 1st March 2015. Available at: http://www.caravanmagazine.in/perspectives/post-office-state-education-bureaucratic
Further Readings and Materials:
鈥ane, T. J., & Staiger, D. O. (2002). The promise and pitfalls of using imprecise school accountability measures. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(4), 91-114.
鈥runs, B., Macdonald, I. H., & Schneider, B. R. (2019). The politics of quality reforms and the challenges for SDGs in education. World Development, 118, 27-38.
Week 8- Three Hours of In-Class Debate
Week 9- Supporting Teachers to Work Better
Performance pay; Incentives; Public service motivation; incentive-compatibility
How do different rewarding schemes match with teacher incentives? What are the potential pitfalls? How is the support in the form of teacher in-service training and promotion different from financial instruments such as performance pay?
Required Readings:
鈥uralidharan, K. & Venkatesh S. (2011). 鈥淧erformance pay: Experimental evidence from India.鈥 Journal of Political Economy, 119(1): 39-77. [Key words: Field experiment, Performance pay, India]
鈥an, Y., & Saguin, K. (2021). Policy capacity matters for capacity development: comparing teacher in-service training and career advancement in basic education systems of India and China. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 87(2), 294-310.
Further Readings and Materials:
鈥odgursky, M. J., & Springer, M. G. (2007). Teacher performance pay: A review. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 26(4), 909-950.
鈥lewwe, P., Ilias, N. & Kremer, M. (2010). 鈥淭eacher Incentives鈥 American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2(3): 205-27. [Key words: RCT, Performance Pay, Kenya]
鈥iper, B., & Zuilkowski, S. S. (2015). Teacher coaching in Kenya: Examining instructional support in public and non-formal schools. Teaching and Teacher Education, 47, 173-183.
鈥arachiwalla, N., & Park, A. (2017). Promotion incentives in the public sector: Evidence from Chinese schools. Journal of Public Economics, 146, 109-128. [Tournament model, promotion, China]
鈥autista, A., Wong, J., & Gopinathan, S. (2015). 鈥淭eacher professional development in Singapore: Depicting the landscape鈥. Psychology, Society and Education, 7(3), 311-326.
Week 10- A System Approach to Studying Education Policy and Reforms
Required Readings:
鈥an, Y., Sano, H., & Sumiya, L. A. (2023). Policy capacity matters for education system reforms: a comparative study of two Brazilian states. Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, 25(2), 253-281.
鈥ilberstein, J., & Spivack, M. (2023). Applying Systems Thinking to Education: Using the RISE Systems Framework to Diagnose Education Systems. RISE Insight Series, 21, 028.
Further Readings and Materials:
鈥ioupi, V., & Voulvoulis, N. (2019). Education for sustainable development: A systemic framework for connecting the SDGs to educational outcomes. Sustainability, 11(21), 6104.
Week 11- Leaving No One Behind: Education Policy for Disadvantaged Populations
Required Readings:
鈥vans, D. K., & Yuan, F. (2022). What we learn about girls鈥 education from interventions that do not focus on girls. The World Bank Economic Review, 36(1), 244-267.
鈥ower, A., Coverdale, A., Croydon, A., Hall, E., Kaley, A., Macpherson, H., & Nind, M. (2022). Personalisation policy in the lives of people with learning disabilities: a call to focus on how people build their lives relationally. Critical Social Policy, 42(2), 220-240.
Week 12- Building Back Better? Education Policy and Reforms beyond the Pandemic
Required Readings:
鈥handuvi, J. S., Jenkins, R., Dewan, P., Reuge, N., Yao, H., Alejo, A., ... & Bergmann, J. (2022). Where Are We on Education Recovery?. UNICEF.
鈥ancajo, A., Verger, A., & Bolea, P. (2022). Digitalization and beyond: the effects of Covid-19 on post-pandemic educational policy and delivery in Europe. Policy and Society, 41(1), 111-128.