Introduction
Fluids and Other Materials:
- Properties: density, pressure, temperature, viscosity, surface -tension/capillary action
- Definitions: Newtonian fluids, non-Newtonian fluids, plastics
Hydrostatics:
- Hydrostatic pressure and head, absolute/gauge and atmospheric pressure, the hydrostatic paradox, measurement by manometer
- Forces on free surfaces
- Buoyancy and submerged and floating body stability
Fluid mechanics:
- Compressible and incompressible flow
- Laminar and turbulent flow, Reynold’s number, mean velocity
- Continuity of flow (conservation of mass).
- Conservation of momentum
- Applications: force on plates from jets, pipes and curved pipes from jets, jet reaction
- Force/propulsion
- Streamlines, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, and Navier-stokes
- Applications: Closed conduit flow/ pipe flow, Reynolds number, friction loss, Moody diagram Thermodynamics 1
- Introduction and thermodynamic terminology, systems (open and closed), properties, processes, cycles, work, heat, specific heat, temperature (zeroth law of thermodynamics), internal energy, enthalpy.
- First Law of Thermodynamics First law and SFEE; specific heats of gases, application to non-flow processes
Fluid mechanics and Thermodynamics:
- Applications of SFEE to nozzles, diffusers, turbines
- Conservation of energy and applications to fluid flow, pitot tube, ecryst meter
Thermodynamics 2:
- Second Law of Thermodynamics Statement of the law, heat engines, cycle efficiency, reversible and irreversible cycles and processes, the Carnot cycle, the reversed Carnot cycle, concept of entropy.
Molecular Structure of Polymers:
- Polymerisation
- Molecular architecture
- Copolymerisation
- Thermoplastics and thermosets
Amorphous Polymers:
- Brittle materials
- The glass transition
- The thermodynamics of deformation
- The entropy spring
- Viscoelasticity, creep, stress relaxation and superposition
- Representations of elastic and viscous behaviour
- The Kelvin Model of viscoelasticity
- The Maxwell Model of viscoelasticity
Ordering in Polymers:
- The thermodynamics of crystallisation
- Fractionation, segregation and properties
- Environmental stress cracking and crazing
- Synthetic and biological fibres
- Fibre compactions
Blends and Composites:
- The thermodynamics of mixing
- The mechanical properties of miscible and immiscible blends
- Copolymerisation – structure and mechanical properties
- Anisotropy in aligned long-fibre composites
- Short fibre composites – end effects, and orientation
Properties of engineering materials relevant to failure:
- Engineering stress-strain curves
- Yield strength and hardness
- Brittle and ductile materials; impact and fracture toughness
- Fatigue and creep resistance
- Corrosion
Elements of fracture mechanics:
- Criteria for brittle and ductile fracture, relation between yield strength and toughness, Ductile- Brittle Transition Temperature
- Designing of tough materials, metal-matrix composites
Metals and Alloys: microstructure vs mechanical properties
- Crystalline and polycrystalline solids, grains and grain boundaries
- Dislocations motion as a primary plastic deformation mechanism
- Grain size, solution, order, precipitation and dispersion strengthening
- Energy stored in grain boundaries and dislocations, effect of
Cold Work
- Microstructure control in metal alloys during solidification
- Free energy as a driving force, phase diagram, partition coefficient
- Annealing: recovery, ecrystallization and grain growth
- Precipitation, nucleation and growth, dispersion strengthened alloys
Diffusion:
- Thermal activation
- Steady-state and transient processes
- Surface hardening via diffusion
